The working principle of 3D sensors mainly includes the following common technologies:
TOF (Time of Flight): TOF technology uses the sensor to emit a laser or infrared light pulse and measures its return time to calculate the distance between the object and the sensor. By accurately measuring the round-trip time of the pulse, the TOF sensor can derive the distance, position and shape of the object relative to the sensor.
Laser speckle: Laser speckle technology uses a laser beam to illuminate the surface of an object, and the beam forms a speckle pattern after scattering through the surface of the object. By analyzing the changes in the speckle pattern, the sensor can determine the distance difference between different points on the surface of the object. Combining speckle patterns at multiple angles, the three-dimensional shape of the object can be constructed.
Stereoscopic vision: Stereoscopic vision sensors use two or more cameras to capture two perspectives of an object at the same time. By analyzing the difference between the two perspectives, the sensor can calculate the three-dimensional shape, depth and position of the object. This method is often used in robot navigation, stereo imaging and virtual reality applications.
Structured light: Structured light sensors use structured light patterns or patterns (such as grids or stripes) projected onto the surface of an object and calculate the shape and position of the object by recording the deformation or distortion of the light pattern. The sensor measures the distance between the light pattern and the surface of the object by analyzing the changes in the light pattern.
Triangulation: This method is commonly used in line laser profile sensors. By emitting a line laser and using a camera to capture the reflected light, the sensor can calculate the three-dimensional shape and position of the object. This method is widely used in robots and automated equipment.
